Risk for Infection - NCP for Typhoid Fever

Nursing Care Plan for for Typhoid Fever


Definition

Typhoid fever or abdominal thypus is an acute infectious disease of the small intestine with symptoms of fever a week or more with disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and with or without disturbance of consciousness (TH Rampengan and IR Laurentz, 1995). Transmission of the disease is almost always occurs through contaminated food and drink.


Etiology

Typhoid fever is caused by infection with the bacteria Salmonella typhosa / Eberthella typhosa which is negative bacteria, motile and did not produce spores, live splendidly at human body temperature or slightly lower temperatures, and die at a temperature of 70 C and antiseptic.


Clinical symptoms

The incubation period of 7-20 days, the shortest incubation of 3 days and the longest 60 days ( TH Rampengan and IR Laurentz, 1995). Average incubation period of 14 days with clinical symptoms are varied and nonspecific.

Although symptoms vary, the general symptoms can be grouped into: fever a week or more, gastrointestinal disorders and disturbances of consciousness. In the first week: fever, headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation and increased body temperature (39-41 C). After the second week the more obvious symptoms include fever remittent, typhoid tongue with a sign, among others; seems dry, encased in thick, the back looks more pale, the tip section and a more reddish edges. Enlarged liver and spleen, abdominal bloating and tenderness in the right lower abdomen and may be accompanied by disturbances of consciousness from mild to severe such as delirium.
Roseola (rose spots), the skin of the chest or abdomen occurs at the end of the first week or beginning of the second week. Embolism is a germ, which contain salmonella bacteria inside.


Complication

Intestinal bleeding, intestinal perforation, paralytic ileus, septic shock, pyelonephritis, cholesistitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, peritonitis, meningitis, encephalopathy, bronchitis, chronic carrier.


Nursing Diagnosis for Typhoid Fever : Risk for Infection (patient contact) related to the presence of salmonella in the stool and urine.

Goal: Patient is free of infection and complications from salmonella infection.

Outcomes:

• vital signs within normal limits,
• cultures of blood, urine and stool negative,
• blood counts are within normal limits,
• no bleeding.

Intervention:

• Collect blood, urine and stool for examination by the rules.
• Set granting anti-infective agent, the appropriate order.
• Maintain enteric precautions to 3 times a negative stool examination against Salmonella typhi.
• Prevent exposure to patients infected with visitors or workers, limit visitors.
• Involved in patient follow-up care.
• Instruct the patient to wash hands, personal hygiene, food and beverage requirements, hand washing after a bowel movement or stool holding.

Rational:

• Collecting wrong could destroy pathogens that affect diagnosis and treatment.
• Anti-infection should be given to prevent the spread to workers, other patients and contacts of patients.
• Prevent the transmission of pathogens.
• Limiting the exposure of patients to other pathogens.
• Ensure that the patients were examined and treated.
• Prevent recurrent infections.

Tag : Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions, Risk for Infection, Typhoid Fever