Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions for Emphysema

NCP for Emphysema

Emphysema is a disease whose main symptom is narrowing (obstruction) airway, because, the air sacs in the lungs excessively bloated and suffered extensive damage.

Symptom

• At the start of symptoms similar to chronic bronchitis.
• Panting accompanied by a sound like a whistle.
• Barrel-shaped chest, neck muscles stand out, people get bent.
• Lips look bluish.
• Weight loss due to decreased appetite.
• Chronic cough.

Causes

• Chronic Brokhitis associated with smoking.
• Sucking smoke / dust.
• Effect of age.

Complication

• Frequent re-infection in the respiratory tract.
• The immune system is less than perfect.
• Chronic inflammatory processes in the airways.
• The level of lung damage is getting worse.

Nursing Diagnosis for Emphysema : Impaired Gas Exchange related to ventilation-perfusion abnormalities secondary to hypoventilation.

Goal:
Patients can maintain adequate gas exchange.

Outcomes:
Patients were able to demonstrate:
Lung sounds clean.
Normal skin color.
Blood gases within the normal range expected for age.

Intervention:
Assess for signs and symptoms of hypoxia and hypercapnia.
Monitor and record blood gas examination, review of the increasing trend in PaCO2 or decrease in PaO 2.
Assist with the provision of mechanical ventilation as indicated, assess the need for CPAP or PEEP.
Auscultation of the chest to listen to breath sounds every hour
Review the daily chest X-ray examination, note the increase or irregularities.
Monitor cardiac rhythm.
Give parenteral fluids to order.
Give the drugs to order: bronchodilators, antibiotics, steroids.


Nursing Diagnosis for Emphysema : Excess Fluid Volume related to pulmonary edema

Goal:
Patients avoid excess fluid volume.

Outcomes:
Patients were able to demonstrate:
Normal vital signs.
Fluid balance within normal limits.
No edema.

Intervention:
Carved body weight each day.
Monitor the patient's input and output every 1 hour.
Assess signs and symptoms of decreased cardiac output.
Assess for signs of volume overload: edema, weight gain, CVP
Monitor hemodynamic parameters.
Collaboration for the administration of fluids and electrolytes.

Tag : Emphysema, Excess Fluid Volume, Impaired Gas Exchange, Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions, Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions for Emphysema